What is a perm, how is it done?

What is perm, how is it done?

Perm is a process that allows straight hair to be permanently curly. Popularised in the early 20th century, perm has been developed over time with many different techniques and products. Perm can be achieved in different ways depending on hair type, hair length and personal preferences.

History of Perm

The perm first appeared in the 19th century through the efforts of inventor Marcel Grateau. Grateau developed a method that heated and shaped the hair to obtain curly hair. However, this method did not provide a permanent solution.

In the early 20th century, a new method developed by Karl Nessler made permanent curly hair achievable. Nessler's method enabled the hair to become permanently curly with the help of a chemical solution. In this process, the hair was brought to the desired curly shape with the help of heat and chemicals.

Types of Perm

Perming can be done using different techniques and chemicals. Here are a few common perm variants:

Alkaline Perm: This type of perm is known for its chemical solution with a high pH value. It contains ammonia or ammonia-like components to change the structure of the hair. Alkaline perm can be effective for thick and resistant hair.
Acidic Perm: The acidic perm utilises a solution with a lower pH value. This method is preferred for fine and sensitive hair as it is a more gentle process.
Exothermic Perm: This type of perm uses chemical solutions that generate heat spontaneously. It has the ability to shape the hair strand more quickly.
Spiral Perm: The spiral perm is ideal for long hair. The hair is wrapped around rollers or rods and curled in a spiral.
Body Wave Perm: This type of perm is done to add volume and natural waves to the hair. It is a popular option for those who want to add volume to thin hair.

Perm Process

Perming should be done by a professional hairdresser. Here is a typical perm process:

Consultation: Before the procedure, the hairdresser will have a consultation with you to talk about your hair type, condition and the type of curl you want.
Preparation: Your hair is prepared for winding on a perm rod or roller. Different thickness rods can be used according to the type of hair and the curly shape you want.
Chemical Application: After the hair is wrapped in rods, the chemical solution is applied to the hair. The chemical changes the structure of the hair fibre and helps to make it curly.
Waiting: Wait for a while for the chemical solution to act on the hair. This time may vary depending on the solution used and hair type.
Rinsing and Neutralisation: After the waiting time is completed, the hair is purified from the chemical solution. Then the neutralisation process is performed, this process helps to balance the pH balance of the hair shaft and to terminate the effects of the chemical process.
Removing the Rods: After the neutralisation process, the hair is removed from the rods. At this point, the hair will have the curly shape.
Conclusion: Depending on the condition of the hair and the type of curl you want, the hairdresser will put the finishing touches on your hair.

Perm Care

It is important to care for your hair correctly after a perm. Here are some tips for hair care after perm:

Washing: Avoid washing permed hair for the first 24-48 hours. This helps the curly shape of the hair to fully settle.
Moisturising Products: Curly hair can often be drier. It is therefore important to use moisturising shampoo and conditioner.
Regular Cut: In order to keep curly hair healthy and well-groomed, it is important to regularly remove split ends.
Collecting Hair Before Going To Bed: To maintain the shape of permed hair, gently gather or braid your hair before going to sleep.
Avoid Hot Tools: Hair styling tools can damage permed hair. Use heat-resistant products for styling your hair.
Regular Maintenance: Use regular hair masks and care products to keep permed hair healthy.

Conclusion

Perm is a popular procedure that makes your hair permanently curly. Perm made with different techniques and products can be applied in different ways depending on personal preferences and hair type. You can make your permed hair look healthy and beautiful by taking the right care after the procedure. However, it is important to consult a specialist before perming and to choose a method suitable for your hair type.